The Rough Tree Fern is native to eastern Australia and Tasmania and can withstand cooler temperatures and elevations than the Lacy Tree Fern (Cyathea cooperi). It has long arching fronds with lacy light green foliage and an upright sturdy trunk. The leaf bases are covered in short spines.

Like most ferns, it prefers protected locations with rich, moist, well-drained soil and partial sun. In its native habitat it can grow to 60 feet high and 35 feet wide but in cultivation it tends to grow to 15 to 35 feet high and about 12 feet wide. It is deciduous in cool conditions with new growth sprouting vigorously from the crown.