This project is determining the range-wide status of the federally listed threatened plant, Cirsium pitcheri (Pitcher’s thistle), explicitly incorporating threat assessment. Specifically, we are quantifying the threats posed by seed or plant predation from biological control agents released to control exotic thistles (weevils Rhinocyllus conicus, Larinus carlinae, and Cleonis pigra) as well as by climate change.  Climate change alters successional dynamics of the habitats, particularly at the southern edge of the species range, causes fluctuations in overall population size in response to lake level dynamics, and may cause the decline in pollination services rendered by native bees. The effects of each of these will be modeled across the life cycle of Cirsium pitcheri, using integral projection models (IPM) across populations that span its range.  We are synthesizing range-wide population monitoring data for Cirsium pitcheri that has been collected over the last 35 years by a variety of researchers. (Havens)